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Senin, 04 Agustus 2008

Subnetting… gampang2 susah

untuk mempelajari subnetting, tips nya adalah pahami range ip setiap class dan subnet mask defaultnya.

range IP Class A: 1.0.0.0 s/d 126.255.255.255
subnet mask default : 255.0.0.0 atau CIDR: /8
range IP Class B: 128.0.0.0 s/d 191.255.255.255
subnet mask default : 255.255.0.0 atau CIDR: /16
range IP Class C: 192.0.0.0 s/d 223.255.255.255
subnet mask default : 255.255.255.0 atau CIDR/24

dengan subnet mask kita akan dapat memperoleh ip network dan ip broadcast. caranya adalah:
misalkan host ip yang diberikan 192.168.3.112/24

a)ip network:
192.168.3.112, binernya:
11000000.10101000.00000111.01110000
/24 = 255.255.255.0, binernya:
11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
————————————————— AND
11000000.10101000.00000111.00000000
192 . 168 . 3 . 0

b)ip broadcast:
192.168.3.112, binernya:
11000000.10101000.00000111.01110000
/24 = 255.255.255.0, binernya:
11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000, Invertingkan
00000000.00000000.00000000.11111111
—————————————————- OR
11000000.10101000.00000111.11111111
192 . 168 . 3 . 255

contoh di atas tidak ada dilakukan subnetting.

satu contoh lagi, host ip 202.83.100.74/28

a)ip network
202.83.100.74, binernya:
11001010.01010011.01100100.01001010
/28 = 255.255.255.240, binernya:
11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000
—————————————————- AND
11001010.01010011.01100100.01000000
202 . 83 . 100 . 64

b)ip broadcast
202.83.100.74, binernya:
11001010.01010011.01100100.01001010
/28 = 255.255.255.240, binernya:
11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000, invertingkan
00000000.00000000.00000000.00001111
—————————————————- OR
11001010.01010011.01100100.01001111
202 . 83 . 100 . 79

contoh di atas terjadi subnetting, untuk hitungan yang lebih cepat, kita berpedoman pada subnet mask nya yaitu octet .240, caranya:

karena setiap octet mempunyai nilai 0 s/d 255 maka ada 256 angka, sehingga diperoleh 256-240 = 16 ini adalah block subnet-1 yang valid..berikutnya lakukan kelipatan dari blok subnet-1 ini, sehingga 16,32,48,64,80..dst. nah perhatikanlah nilai host ip diatas yaitu 202.83.100.74 berarti berada antara subnet 64 dan 80. sehingga dapat di simpulkan subnet:64 menjadi network ip 202.83.100.64 dan broadcasnya kita peroleh dari nilai 80-1=79 yaitu 202.83.100.79

catatan:

dalam satu blok subnet ip terendah merupakan ip networknya dan ip tertinggi merupakan ip broadcast. setiap octet terakhir(octet paling kanan) dari ip network pasti merupakan bilangan GENAP dan octet terakhir dari ip broadcast merupakan bilangan GANJIL.

Tabel subnetmask untuk subnetting:

IP Class A:
————————–
CIDR | Subnet Mask
————————–
| 9 | 255.128.0.0
| 10 | 255.192.0.0
| 11 | 255.224.0.0
| 12 | 255.240.0.0
| 13 | 255.248.0.0
| 14 | 255.252.0.0
| 15 | 255.254.0.0
| 16 | 255.255.0.0
| 17 | 255.255.128.0
| 18 | 255.255.192.0
| 19 | 255.255.224.0
| 20 | 255.255.240.0
| 21 | 255.255.248.0
| 22 | 255.255.252.0
| 23 | 255.255.254.0
| 24 | 255.255.255.0
| 25 | 255.255.255.128
| 26 | 255.255.255.192
| 27 | 255.255.255.224
| 28 | 255.255.255.240
| 29 | 255.255.255.248
| 30 | 255.255.255.252

IP Class B:
————————–
CIDR | Subnet Mask
————————–
| 17 | 255.255.128.0
| 18 | 255.255.192.0
| 19 | 255.255.224.0
| 20 | 255.255.240.0
| 21 | 255.255.248.0
| 22 | 255.255.252.0
| 23 | 255.255.254.0
| 24 | 255.255.255.0
| 25 | 255.255.255.128
| 26 | 255.255.255.192
| 27 | 255.255.255.224
| 28 | 255.255.255.240
| 29 | 255.255.255.248
| 30 | 255.255.255.252

IP Class C:
————————–
CIDR | Subnet Mask
————————–
| 25 | 255.255.255.128
| 26 | 255.255.255.192
| 27 | 255.255.255.224
| 28 | 255.255.255.240
| 29 | 255.255.255.248
| 30 | 255.255.255.252

Judul Artikel: Subnetting… gampang2 susah

Penulis : HA Mooduto
Tanggal Terbit : 06 July, 2007
Kategory : Jaringan Komputer

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